Gastric and Duodenal Stenting for Advanced Malignancy
Gastric and duodenal stenting is a minimally invasive endoscopic procedure used to relieve blockage (obstruction) in the stomach or duodenum caused by advanced cancers. A self-expanding metal stent (SEMS) is placed to open the narrowed area, allowing food to pass through the digestive tract more easily.
Who Needs This Procedure?
Patients with inoperable or advanced cancers such as:
- Stomach (gastric) cancer
- Pancreatic cancer
- Duodenal or periampullary tumors
- Metastatic cancers compressing the duodenum
These malignancies can cause gastric outlet obstruction (GOO), leading to severe nausea, vomiting, and inability to eat.
Symptoms of Gastric or Duodenal Obstruction:
- Persistent vomiting after eating
- Bloating or upper abdominal fullness
- Loss of appetite
- Weight loss and malnutrition
- Dehydration and fatigue
How Is the Procedure Performed?
- The procedure is done using an endoscope under sedation.
- A guidewire is passed through the narrowed area.
- A self-expanding metallic stent is deployed, which expands and holds the blockage open.
- Most patients can start eating soft foods within a day or two.
Benefits of Gastric/Duodenal Stenting:
- Immediate symptom relief
- Improved ability to eat and digest food
- Avoids major surgery in frail or terminally ill patients
- Performed as a day-care or short-stay procedure
- Enhances comfort and quality of life in palliative care
Is It Safe?
Yes, it is a safe and effective procedure with a high success rate. Some patients may experience minor side effects like mild abdominal discomfort or stent migration, but serious complications are rare.
Gastric and duodenal stenting is a compassionate, life-enhancing option for patients with cancer-related gastrointestinal obstruction, helping restore dignity and comfort in advanced disease stages.