Endoscopic Mucosal Resection
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) is a minimally invasive, advanced endoscopic procedure used to remove abnormal tissues or early-stage cancers from the inner lining (mucosa) of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract—most commonly from the esophagus, stomach, colon, or rectum.
EMR allows for the removal of precancerous lesions, polyps, and superficial tumors without the need for open surgery, making it a preferred choice for both diagnosis and treatment in selected cases.
Why is EMR done?
EMR is recommended for:
- Large colon polyps not suitable for simple snare removal
- Early-stage cancers in the GI tract
- Barrett’s esophagus with dysplasia
- Precancerous lesions detected on endoscopy
- Biopsy or removal of suspicious flat lesions
What are the benefits?
- Minimally invasive – no external incisions
- Preserves the organ (no need for surgical removal)
- Outpatient or short hospital stay
- Enables early diagnosis and treatment of cancer
- Faster recovery compared to surgery
How is EMR performed?
- The procedure is done using a flexible endoscope passed through the mouth (upper GI) or rectum (lower GI).
- A solution is injected under the lesion to lift it off the deeper layers.
- The raised tissue is then carefully cut and removed using a snare or specialized tool.
- The removed tissue is sent for histopathological examination.
Is it safe?
Yes, EMR is a safe and well-established technique, especially in experienced hands. Risks are minimal but may include bleeding or perforation, both of which are uncommon and usually manageable endoscopically.
Post-procedure care:
- Patients are usually observed for a few hours and can go home the same day or after an overnight stay.
- A liquid-to-soft diet may be recommended for a few days.
- Follow-up endoscopy may be required to ensure complete removal and monitor for recurrence.
EMR offers an effective, organ-preserving alternative to surgery for managing select gastrointestinal lesions and early cancers.