Diagnostic Lower GI Endoscopy, Colonoscopy
A Diagnostic Lower GI Endoscopy, commonly known as a Colonoscopy, is a procedure that allows a gastroenterologist to examine the inner lining of the large intestine (colon and rectum) using a long, flexible tube called a colonoscope. The colonoscope is equipped with a camera and light, allowing real-time visualization of the colon on a monitor.
Why is it done?
Colonoscopy is performed to investigate a wide range of lower gastrointestinal symptoms, including:
- Chronic diarrhea or constipation
- Rectal bleeding
- Abdominal pain or cramping
- Unexplained weight loss
- Change in bowel habits
- Screening for colon cancer or polyps
- Surveillance in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
What can it detect?
- Colon polyps
- Colorectal cancer
- Inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis
- Diverticulosis or diverticulitis
- Sources of gastrointestinal bleeding
- Infections or ischemic colitis
If needed, biopsies are taken or polyps removed during the same procedure for further evaluation or to prevent cancer.
Is it safe?
Yes, colonoscopy is a safe and routine procedure, typically done on an outpatient basis. It usually takes 20–30 minutes. Sedation is used to ensure a comfortable and pain-free experience.
Preparation:
- You will be asked to follow a clear liquid diet the day before the procedure.
- A bowel cleansing solution is given to empty the colon for clear visibility.
- Inform your doctor of all medications, especially blood thinners, and any medical conditions.
After the procedure:
- Mild bloating or cramping is common and temporary.
- If sedation is given, you will need someone to accompany you and you should avoid driving or working for the rest of the day.
- Your doctor will discuss preliminary findings right after the procedure, while biopsy results may take a few days.
A colonoscopy is not only a diagnostic tool but also a preventive one — helping detect and remove pre-cancerous growths early.